30 June 2026

Dual voca­tio­nal education and training in the D‑A-CH region

A new report by 3s, ibw, BIBB and OBS EHB shows how differently dual vocational education and training is developing in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Dual voca­tio­nal education and training in Germany, Austria and Switzerland is inter­na­tio­nal­ly regarded as a suc­cessful model, yet the com­pa­ra­ti­ve data basis still shows gaps in detail. A pilot project launched in 2024 aims to establish regular moni­to­ring of deve­lo­p­ments in dual VET in the D‑A-CH region, based on selected indi­ca­tors. A first report was published one year ago. A follow-up report is now available, con­ti­nuing the moni­to­ring and intro­du­cing new indi­ca­tors, for example on the natio­na­li­ty of app­ren­ti­ces, par­ti­ci­pa­ti­on in training, and deve­lo­p­ments in selected app­ren­ti­ce­ships. Higher VET is also addressed.

The results show that, despite many simi­la­ri­ties, deve­lo­p­ments in the three countries differ con­sider­a­b­ly. While the number of app­ren­ti­ces in Germany has declined sharply over the past two decades, the decrease in Austria has been more moderate; in Switzerland, there has even been a slight increase. Relevant dif­fe­ren­ces can also be observed in the share of an age cohort entering dual VET, in the par­ti­ci­pa­ti­on of women, and in the incre­a­sing inter­na­tio­na­li­sa­ti­on of training.

The report high­lights the extent to which deve­lo­p­ments in dual VET are shaped by the respec­ti­ve insti­tu­tio­nal and demo­gra­phic context. This is precisely why cross-country moni­to­ring is valuable: it helps to make shared trends visible and to better con­tex­tua­li­se dif­fe­ren­ces between the training systems.

Further infor­ma­ti­on can be found in the research report (with annex; both in German) by 3s Research & Consulting, in coope­ra­ti­on with the Institute for Research on Qualifications and Training of the Austrian Economy (ibw), the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB), and the Swiss Observatory for Vocational Education and Training OBS EHB, as well as in the detailed BIBB press release.

image by AMS / Chloe Potter


Contact: Jörg Markowitsch

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