7 January 2026

How education policies travel – and why context matters

A new international handbook explores policy transfer in vocational education and beyond, featuring a 3s contribution on EU approaches to employer cooperation.

With the publi­ca­ti­on of the The Palgrave Handbook of Policy Transfer in Vocational Education and Beyond, a com­pre­hen­si­ve reference work on policy transfer in education is now available. Edited by Antje Barabasch, Sandra Bohlinger and Stefan Wolf, the handbook brings together inter­na­tio­nal research on technical and voca­tio­nal education and training (TVET), adult education, and pro­fes­sio­nal and higher education.

The volume addresses how education and skills policies are trans­fer­red across countries, regions and insti­tu­tio­nal settings, and why such transfers succeed or fail depending on their political, economic and cultural embedding. The chapters combine estab­lished theo­re­ti­cal per­spec­ti­ves with emerging approa­ches to gover­nan­ce, political economy and policy learning, high­light­ing the decisive role of context in shaping reform outcomes.

Structured into several thematic parts, the handbook covers EU-level VET gover­nan­ce, cross-national reform processes in Europe and beyond, orga­ni­sa­tio­nal and con­tex­tu­al drivers of policy transfer, as well as policy borrowing and learning in higher education and related fields.

A chapter authored by Daniel Unterweger and Jörg Markowitsch repres­ents the 3s con­tri­bu­ti­on. In “The EU’s Orchestration of Employer Cooperation: The Pact for Skills and the European Alliance for Apprenticeships”, the authors analyse two flagship EU initia­ti­ves aimed at streng­thening coll­ec­ti­ve skill formation. They show how the EU applies an “orche­stra­ti­on” strategy, whereby public actors enable and encourage firms and business asso­cia­ti­ons to cooperate in training. Using the Pact for Skills as an example, the chapter illu­stra­tes how large-scale skills part­ner­ships can be fostered at European level, including in countries without a strong tradition of employer-led voca­tio­nal training.

The handbook is aimed at rese­ar­chers, policy-makers and prac­ti­tio­ners seeking a deeper under­stan­ding of policy transfer processes in education, par­ti­cu­lar­ly in relation to labour market skills, voca­tio­nal education and training, and higher education reform.

Unterweger, Daniel; Markowitsch, Jörg (2026). The EU’s Orchestration of Employer Cooperation: The Pact for Skills and the European Alliance for Apprenticeships. In: Barabasch, Antje, Bohlinger, Sandra, Wolf, Stefan (Hg.): The Palgrave Handbook of Policy Transfer in Vocational Education and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978–3‑031–99617-7_4


Contact: Daniel Unterweger

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